– in all loops, M/F decreased by increasing the activation range
– in all loops, M/F increased by increasing angular bend;
– various loops can provide optimal M/F for bodily tooth movement only in small range of activation;
– L loop has better M/F than other loops;
– T loop and closed vertical loop with helix showed better M/F and force features than open vertical loop;
– T loop had some relative advantages over other studied loops due to its lower L/D and higher M/F.